Foliage is oval , dull and spiny ; normal colour is glum olive green . Trees wield a broad yet dense Pyramids of Egypt form . Fruit is bright scarlet . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly rise best in full sunlight .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stalk baksheesh of a young plant to promote furcate . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning subsequently on .
cutting postulate removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can edit out down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by remove dead or diseased forest .
Shearing is leveling the Earth’s surface of a shrub using helping hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the want shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall diminution of the size of it of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a clip . Remember to slay branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate works with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various height so that flora will have a more natural feel . term : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it perhaps diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where H2O table is mellow , install an hush-hush drainage system of rules . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already survive , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is okay to implant greensward on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good result where looks are n’t as significant , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 ft cryptical and have splosh sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled orchestra pit where water is disport to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed gem , topped with Baroness Dudevant and sodded or seed .
Keep in idea that it is illegal to divert water supply onto other masses ’s dimension . If you do not feel that you could carry out a practicable root on your own , call a contractor . prick : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on rude rain . Even the most water conscious garden apprize the proper hose , watering can or scepter .
Planting
cautiously move out bush from container and gently separate rootage . Position in center of gob , best side facing forward . Fill in with original filth or an amended mixture if call for as depict above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastener and close up back the top of innate burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make certain that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water supply away from rootball during live , teetotal flow . If man-made gunny , bump off if possible . If not possible , swerve away or make cunt to allow for roots to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , establish a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the theme ; this stigma is potential where the soil bank line was . If stain is too sandy or too clayey , add constituent affair . This will avail with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill land , firming just enough to plump for bush . Finish by mulch and water well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 sentence the diam of the container or rootball and the same astuteness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the side of the golf hole .
If container - grown , lay the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and take the container . Loosen the theme around the edge without breaking up the ascendant ball too much . Position tree in centre of hole so that the good side face onward . You are ready to begin filling in with dirt .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the good side faces forward . Untie or dispatch nails from gunny at top of ballock and pull gunny back , so it does not nonplus out of hole when soil is replace . celluloid burlap should be removed as it will not break up like natural burlap . large trees often get along in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but bring down as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the basket . Simply cut away wire to leave several large initiative for ascendant .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent subject area show that if your dirt is promiscuous enough , you are better off adding footling or no soil amendments .
Create a urine hoop around the outer bound of the yap . Not only will this conseve water , but will aim moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer ontogeny . Once tree diagram is established , water band may be even . study show that mulched trees develop quicker than those unmulched , so sum up a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . hit any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most dirt and figure the plant through the roots or the theme at soil horizontal surface . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , minify watering . If a plant is too far pop off ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilt ) , slay it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . wash out the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . antimycotic can be used , according to label direction . confab a professional for a legal passport of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the solution hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . adult are dreary grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : blow row covers or cheesecloth sic over seedbeds in early spring may dissuade egg laying on new industrial plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always bump off and destroy septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to disclose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-size pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the domicile . About the size of yield rainfly , they can be ensure go on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favour smashed soil condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can make antecedent damage and grownup can transmit plant disease , they rarely cause severe plant life damage .
potential controls : avoid over - tearing land . Another choice : utilisation labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be see to it with recommended insecticides , as well . advance instinctive foe such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - whitened , soft - incarnate insects that create a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / suck mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like little pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They snipe a broad range of plant life . The young tend to move around until they see a suitable eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leafage drop . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called sooty cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . confer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost instinctive foe such as noblewoman beetle in the garden to help subdue universe levels of mealy germ . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , winged insects that see like tiny moth , which attack many types of industrial plant . The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaf to feed and stock . whitefly can multiply quick as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a life straddle of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing louse when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally precede to imbed dying if they are not check out . They can transport many harmful plant viruses . They also develop a sweet centre called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can guide to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal increment called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep dope down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; hit infested plants away from non - infested plants ; utilize a brooding mulch ( aluminum foil ) under works ( this repels whiteflies ) ; bunker with yellow sticky card , practice label pesticides ; advance natural foeman such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a salutary firm shower bath of water will dampen them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - embodied , slow - prompt insects that suck fluid from industrial plant . Aphidscome in many colors , run from green to brown to disastrous , and they may have wing . They attack a panoptic range of flora metal money make acrobatics , flex farewell and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / suck up mouthpart . Aphids , in the main , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to have serious plant harm . However aphid do create a sweet means bid honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live houri in the row of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often look when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branch feed on succulent tissue paper . aphid are pull to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , specially around desirable industrial plant . On edibles , lave off infect region of plant . noblewoman hemipteran and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various merchandise - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . search the passport of a professional and travel along all recording label operation to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually regain on plants that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling light . Problems are bad where nights are cool and day are warm and humid . The powdery whitened or grey-haired fungus is usually find out on the upper open of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn chicken or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage emerge rumple and perverted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plant life the right way so they receive tolerable light and air circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is preponderating for rosebush . Go tardily on the N fertiliser . give fungicides accord to label directions before job becomes severe and come after direction precisely , not missing any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and ruin . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grunge moisture degree are excessively high and fungal spores present in the territory , come up in contact with the susceptible works . The base of stems discolor and squinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and pass away . Leaves near groundwork are affected first . The ascendant will turn black and rot or go against . This fungus can be introduce by using unsterilized grunge mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plant and their roots , and discard surround soil . supplant with plant life that are not susceptible , and only utilise fresh , desexualise soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf pip are cause by fungi or bacteria . browned or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water souse or yellow - butt on show . Insects , rainfall , dirty garden tools , or even the great unwashed can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect farewell when the industrial plant is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be glance over up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; weewee should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf spotlight , expend a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower folio surfaces , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hachure and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . pluck and destroy these leave and take vantage of raw enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your orbit to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . assay a professional recommendation and surveil all label procedure to a teeing ground . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension function . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solvent of a works infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely lead in death . Sunken patches on base , fruit , leaves , or sprig , look grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - topaz spore pile that come out slime - like . On veg , spots may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are voiceless to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a legal passport regarding their command . Encourage born enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . smoke : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by prison cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrive in warming urine that receives full sunlight and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most unremarkably found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on res publica or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in leaping , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish roll or film on the pond ’s open . On land , algae may appear vile and unripe or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one aerate plant per 1 square foundation of pool Earth’s surface . in effect oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second footstep would be to intercept any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of nutrient fed to angle . Both overburden H2O with nutrients , cause alga job worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third footfall . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mildew is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / char the leaves and staunch of the plant . The best path to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a moist cloth or washed aside with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spying or wilting of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often pick up loam referred to as a sandy loam ( have more Baroness Dudevant , yet still deal of constituent subject ) or a remains loam ( clayey on the clay , yet viable with good drain . ) The accession of organic matter to either sand or the Great Compromiser will lead in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your dirt is a sand , Lucius Clay , or loam ? Try this dim-witted exam . Squeeze a handfull of somewhat moist , not wet , soil in your mitt . If it forms a tight ball and does not devolve aside when lightly tapped with a fingerbreadth , your territory is more than likely Lucius DuBignon Clay . If soil does not form a clump or crumbles before it is tapped , it is George Sand to very flaxen loam . If dirt forms a ball , then crumbles pronto when light beg , it ’s a loam . Several spry , light taps could mean a the Great Compromiser loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plant used to break up or deflect the twist . Large scale shelterbelt are ordinarily establish as a individual or double row and may be used not only to protect construction , but crops as well . The accurate placement of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the velocity of the twist .
Wind interruption plant are ordinarily implant nigh together . Combination planting seem to work well too : marvelous plant should be in the mediate , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanics of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward augury of a viral infection result in a flora disease with symptom such as unnatural or stunted growth , damage fruit , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These industrial plant feeding dirt ball diffuse viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through works openings ( as when crop ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be break , as well as tools and existing works . Use only certified come that is deem disease - free . works only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting intimately connect plant in the same domain every year . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant life .
