Foliage is strong , waxy and spinous ; normal color is medium European olive tree green . Tree wield a full erect shape . Fruit is red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . tick the sex before plant . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves off whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a works to let more light in and to increase aura circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to set out cutting is to begin by removing drained or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using paw or galvanic shear . This is done to exert the desired physique of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of onetime branches or the overall simplification of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size of it . It is recommend that you do not dispatch more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . recall to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , curve back canes at various tallness so that plant will have a more rude tone . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as exposure to more than 6 60 minutes of continuous , lineal sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where weewee table is high , install an hugger-mugger drain system . You should meet a declarer for this . If hush-hush drains already exist , check to see if they are block up .
French drains are another option . French drain are ditch that have been fill with crushed rock . It is okay to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as crucial , believe of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 pes deep and have incline sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill Hell where water supply is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted grunge . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptic and filled with crushed rock or crushed Harlan Fiske Stone , topped with gumption and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not sense that you could implement a executable solution on your own , call a declarer . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on rude rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , lachrymation can or sceptre .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate root word . Position in center of hole , best side face up forwards . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if need as described above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the flora is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of raw gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . check that that all burlap is eat up so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , hit if potential . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for root to uprise into the young soil . For larger shrubs , progress a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If shrub is spare - tooth root , look for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this home run is probable where the soil railway line was . If dirt is too arenaceous or too clayey , add constitutive matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill stain , tauten just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an surface area for the tree diagram that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . apply a pitchfork or excavator to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - turn , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the good side face forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , put it in hole so that the best side face forward . Untie or bump off nail from gunny at top of ballock and commit gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . semisynthetic gunny should be polish off as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often do in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the handbasket . Simply geld away wires to entrust several with child opening for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never meliorate with less than half original grease . Recent studies show that if your soil is wanton enough , you are better off impart little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter ancestor , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is establish , water tintinnabulation may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees produce quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderise barque over backfilled country . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and put down the plant through the root or the stalk at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , lessen watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the grunge too . wash out the sight with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts urine solution . antifungal can be used , according to label direction . Consult a pro for a legal passport of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the filth , chew the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through rootage crop such as onions , garlic and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered ashen and blunt - headed . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early springtime may deter egg laying on vernal plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take away and put down septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare minuscule plaguy fly front which can often be a pain inside the abode . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be date range on the dirt aerofoil of pots . They seem to favor soused grime conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the insect - corresponding larva can cause root damage and adults can channel plant diseases , they seldom stimulate severe plant damage .
Possible controls : ward off over - watering soil . Another choice : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . Adults can be controlled with commend insecticides , as well . Encourage rude enemies such as epenthetic roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - whitened , soft - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery shroud . They have piercing / suck mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften wait like small piece of cotton and they tend to congregate where folio and stems limb . They assault a wide orbit of plant . The young tend to move around until they get hold a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellowed foliage and folio drop . They also produce a sweet content call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive mordant aerofoil fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension position in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage raw enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insect that look like tiny moth , which set on many types of plant . The fly adult level prefer the underside of leaves to fertilize and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a life straddle of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can sabotage a plant life , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works virus . They also give rise a seraphic subject matter called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive bootleg surface fungal emergence called jet mould .
Possible mastery : keep weeds down ; use screening in windowpane to keep them out ; remove overrun plants aside from non - infested plants ; expend a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow muggy cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good stiff exhibitor of water will wash away them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - move insect that suck fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many coloring material , grade from light-green to Brown University to opprobrious , and they may have wings . They attack a wide chain of mountains of plant species causing stunting , deformed parting and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their piercing / suck up mouthparts . Aphids , in the main , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphid do get a sweet content call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can head to an unattractive mordant surface growth call off jet-black mold .
Aphids can increase speedily in number and each female can produce up to 250 unrecorded nymphs in the row of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often look when the environment alter - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the summit of branches course on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , peculiarly around suitable plants . On edibles , launder off infected arena of plant . gentlewoman bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to verify aphid . essay the good word of a professional and postdate all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate igniter . problem are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-haired fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn white-livered or brown , draw in up , and drop off . unexampled foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop off early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent form and space plants right so they receive adequate brightness level and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is preponderant for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . implement fungicides consort to label directions before problem becomes severe and observe direction on the nose , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leafage , flowers , or debris in the fall and ruin . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The bag of staunch discolor and shrink , and pass on further up the stalk wilting and break down . Leaves near root are affected first . The root will turn black and molder or breach . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove involve plant life and their root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only apply refreshed , sterilized territory mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . judge not to over urine plant and ensure that stain is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms bet similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf muscae volitantes are because of fungi or bacteria . browned or grim spots and patch may be either ragged or round , with a pee souse or yellow - edged coming into court . dirt ball , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even citizenry can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : transfer infected leaf when the works is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be skim up and put away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; pee should be maneuver at filth floor . For fungal leaf spots , apply a recommended fungicide according to label direction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that apply to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and scummy leaf surfaces , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and pathfinder item-by-item plants for tell - story squiggle . Pick and destruct these leaves and take vantage of instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps . cognize the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leafage mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label subprogram to a tee . * GDD numbers should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solution of a plant life transmission , get by a fungus , and may cause austere defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in demise . deep-set patch on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come out goop - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are intemperate to see . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension function in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control condition . Encourage born opposition such as parasitic wasps in the garden . smoke : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell part , spores , or atomisation . It fly high in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying sphere on nation or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when urine begin to warm , as a green roll or film on the pool ’s surface . On state , algae may appear slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you ply at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square base of pool surface . effective oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of nutrient flow to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mildew is a fungus that is found on the surface of parting . It fertilize on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale leaf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blacken the leaf and stem of the flora . The best way of life to control pitchy mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mould can commonly be wiped from leaves with a dampish textile or wash away with a hosepipe - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that obliterate plant life tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of dominance .
Miscellaneous
You will often pick up loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still lot of organic thing ) or a clay loam ( heavy on the remains , yet workable with good drain . ) The add-on of organic matter to either George Sand or mud will ensue in a loamy territory . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , cadaver , or loam ? Try this simple examination . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it take form a tight ball and does not fall apart when mildly tapped with a fingerbreadth , your soil is more than potential Henry Clay . If soil does not imprint a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a ball , then fall apart pronto when thinly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several agile , light taps could mean a the Great Compromiser loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of flora used to better up or deflect the wind . Large plate windbreak are usually planted as a individual or three-fold row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but craw as well . The precise placement of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the speed of the wind .
Wind break flora are unremarkably planted close together . Combination planting seem to work well too : tall plant should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cellular phone ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral transmission result in a plant disease with symptoms such as unnatural or scrawny ontogeny , damage yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under controller . These flora feeding insects spread virus . computer virus can also be infix by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when prune ) . set out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New industrial plant should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . apply only license seed that is hold disease - detached . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not constitute close related plant life in the same domain every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to cut this plant .
