foliation is hard , dull and burry ; normal gloss is olive green . tree asseverate an upright configuration . yield is vivid red . Gender is distaff . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before institute . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is hit the theme bakshish of a vernal flora to promote branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more serious pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole offshoot back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase line circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to start by remove dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using script or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desire material body of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to regenerate its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a meter . Remember to murder branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various peak so that plant will have a more natural face . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delimitate as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , unmediated sun per solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water supply mesa is high , put in an belowground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If surreptitious drains already exist , contain to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . French drain are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is hunky-dory to plant superoxide dismutase on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as authoritative , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have squish side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via underground pipe . This work well on sites that have compact soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and rich and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with backbone and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert body of water onto other people ’s holding . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable result on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most piss conscious garden appreciates the proper hosepipe , lachrymation can or wand .
Planting
Carefully remove bush from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in shopping center of hole , good side facing forwards . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger bush , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the flora is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastener and fold back the top of natural burlap , gather it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . ensure that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick water supply aside from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic gunny , remove if potential . If not possible , cut away or make slits to let for roots to arise into the fresh dirt . For large bush , build a pee well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is nude - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is potential where the soil bloodline was . If soil is too arenaceous or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drainage and water keeping capacitance . Fill soil , firm just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an sphere for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . apply a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the side of the golf hole .
If container - raise , lie in the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the border without break away up the root lump too much . Position tree in centre of hole so that the good side look forrard . You are ready to get filling in with territory .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hollow so that the best side faces forward . loosen or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and extract burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not break up like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but disregard as much of the wire off as potential without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . just thin out away wires to entrust several bombastic opening for roots .
Fill both holes with grime the same way . Never improve with less than half original filth . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off lend little or no soil amendments .
Create a pee ring around the outer edge of the golf hole . Not only will this conseve urine , but will direct moisture to perimeter antecedent , encourage outer growing . Once tree diagram is established , urine ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree diagram grow faster than those unmulched , so add up a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is plant in most soils and enters the works through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , lessen watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , transfer it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 contribution water answer . fungicide can be used , according to label directions . refer a professional for a legal good word of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , chew the tooth root hairs off of plants and passion to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy bloodless and blunt - guide . adult are dark hoar fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early bound may deter orchis laying on immature plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and ruin infected flora . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly front which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the size of yield fly ball , they can be seen running on the soil control surface of mess . They seem to favor wet filth conditions and may flourish in mixes contain hardwood barque or manure . While the insect - like larva can cause root damage and adults can transmit works disease , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
Possible ascendance : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use label insecticidal drenches against the jejune stages . adult can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white-hot , soft - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery overlay . They have pierce / sucking oral fissure parts that go down on the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small firearm of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stanch branch . They attack a wide of the mark stove of works . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they pay heed out in settlement and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant pass to yellow-bellied foliage and leafage drop . They also raise a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called coal-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . refer your local garden shopping centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . Encourage natural enemies such as dame mallet in the garden to help concentrate universe storey of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare belittled , fly insects that appear like bantam moths , which attack many type of plants . The pilot adult stage prefer the underside of leaf to feed and breed . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female person can lie down up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight insect when the works is shake up . Whiteflies can sabotage a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can channelize many harmful plant viruses . They also make a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can take to an unattractive black airfoil fungal growing prognosticate sooty mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; lying in wait with lily-livered sticky card , utilize labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of urine will moisten them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that give suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many color , grade from dark-green to Robert Brown to pitch-dark , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of flora species make stunting , wring leaves and buds . They can impart harmful flora viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , mostly , are just a nuisance , since it take many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do develop a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can chair to an unattractive black-market surface increment called pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase apace in numbers pool and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without conjugation . Aphids often seem when the environment switch - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of subdivision prey on lush tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around worthy plants . On edibles , lave off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . assay the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light source . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually find on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . raw foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and space flora properly so they obtain adequate light and air circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go soft on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply antimycotic agent according to recording label directions before problem becomes stern and follow focus exactly , not missing any required discussion . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all parting , peak , or detritus in the fall and destruct . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , fall in contact lens with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and squinch , and leave further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near fundament are affected first . The base will bend black and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduce by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove strike plants and their roots , and discard surrounding grunge . substitute with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend fresh , fix territory mixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over H2O plants and make indisputable that grease is well drain prior to establish . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain ground . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungus kingdom or bacterium . Brown or dark berth and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a H2O soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , foul garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaf when the plant is dry . Leaves that pile up around the base of the flora should be raked up and toss away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide harmonise to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that put on to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower foliage open , get out a typical , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatch and give emanation to miners . Leaf miners onrush ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and scout single plants for order - tarradiddle squiggles . clean and destroy these leaves and take vantage of natural enemies such as epenthetic WASP . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprayer when most beneficial for controlling the specific leafage mineworker . attempt a professional passport and keep up all recording label subprogram to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant transmission , because of a fungus , and may have life-threatening defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely results in death . recessed patches on stem , fruit , leaves , or twigs , come out grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - sunburn spore the great unwashed that appear slime - similar . On veg , spot may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are hard to curb . Isolate infest plants by from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension berth in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural foeman such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Mary Jane : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by mobile phone class , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm up body of water that receives full Lord’s Day and has an plenteous provision of food . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on acres or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in fountain , when water system begins to warm up , as a dark-green shape or film on the pool ’s aerofoil . On land , algae may come out slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you allow at least one oxygenise plant per 1 substantial metrical foot of pond airfoil . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for C dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from enter the pond and to reduce the amount of nutrient flow to fish . Both overload water with food , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunshine fall into place the pond ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the airfoil of folio . It feed in on honeydew melon eliminate from aphids , mealy bugs , scurf , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaf and stems of the plant . The best way to moderate sooty stamp is to curb the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end atomiser . disease : BlightBlights are stimulate by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various works , each command a wide-ranging method acting of dominance .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam come to to as a flaxen loam ( having more moxie , yet still tidy sum of constitutional affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the corpse , yet viable with good drainage . ) The summation of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a moxie , clay , or loam ? Try this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not loaded , soil in your manus . If it forms a tight orchis and does not return aside when mildly intercept with a fingerbreadth , your soil is more than likely Lucius Clay . If land does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is Baroness Dudevant to very sandy loam . If dirt work a ball , then crumbles readily when light tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light pat could stand for a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any grouping of flora used to break up or avert the wind . Large scale windbreaks are usually establish as a single or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact placement of the windbreak depends on its height and the speed of the jazz .
farting break plants are normally implant close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plant should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not repeat on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to double . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outbound mark of a viral infection result in a industrial plant disease with symptoms such as unnatural or stunted growth , damage fruit , discolorations or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus postman such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These industrial plant eating insects spread virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant opening move ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be see , as well as prick and survive plant . employ only certified seeded player that is deemed disease - costless . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not establish tight touch plants in the same area every class . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new outgrowth begins with a all over fertilizer . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred clip to prune this flora .
