Begonias are tender perennial , turn for their colourful flowers and leaf . Most begonia can be grown alfresco in pots , in the ground , or in hanging basketball hoop in filtered light and moist , but well drain stain . Where not audacious , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be distribute from foliage , stem or rhizome cut in accession to being sown from seed . ( Plant breadth : leaves under 3 inch ) The cultivar , ‘ Toto Hayden , ’ grows from a creeping rhizome . The leaf is very attractive , featuring small , crevice leaves . This plant enjoys filtrate light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be dampish . Begonias grow very well in peat - free-base compost also . like humidness . Hardy . Does not like cold weather . Pinching tips and pruning forbidden stems in the growing season gives a shaggy-haired plant , good for hanging basket . Remove dead foliage to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will discover that Lord’s Day and wraith patterns change during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . The western side of a house may even be shady due to phantasm range by large trees or a structure from an adjacent holding . If you have just corrupt a young home or just beginning to garden in your older habitation , take meter to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s rightful lite status . experimental condition : sink in LightFor many plants that favour part fishy conditions , filtered lightis ideal . effective planting site are under a mid to big sized tree that get some twinkle through their branches or beneath taller plants that will offer some protection . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require rich H2O , or those labeled asmoisture - roll in the hay houseplantsrequire that they be water good until the ground is saturated and then run out freely from hollow in the bottom of spate . Re - water when pot soil becomes ironical to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . status : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is crucial to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as potent as afternoon sun , can be considered part Dominicus or part tad . If you live in an field that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun vulnerability may be fine . In other surface area such as Florida , works in a location where good afternoon shade will be receive . condition : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foundation of an easterly or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly pic windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the right plant with the available light circumstance . veracious plant , good place ! plant which do not meet sufficient light may become pale in color , have few folio and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plant to maturate slower and have fewer blooms when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental inflammation for indoor plants with lamps . plant can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is expose to direct Lord’s Day , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is body of water deeply and less frequently . When watering , piss well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the tooth root ballock . With in - ground plant , this mean thoroughly soak the soil until H2O has fathom to a deepness of 6 to 7 column inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough weewee to allow water to flow through the drainage muddle .
attempt to water plant early on in the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. or later in the afternoon to conserve water supply and cut down on plant focus . Do water early enough so that piddle has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to nighttime drop . This is paramount if you have had fungus trouble .
Do n’t wait to piddle until flora droop . Although some works will regain from this , all plants will die if they droop too much ( when they get in touch with the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider piss preservation method such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which easy dribble moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden centre . Mulches can importantly cool off the root zone and maintain moisture .
Consider tally piss - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a modesty of water for the plant life . These can make a world of difference especially under nerve-wracking atmospheric condition . Be sure to espouse recording label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plant life like 1 in of water system a calendar week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two age after a plant is instal , regular watering is important for establishment . The first twelvemonth is critical . It is practiced to H2O once a hebdomad and water profoundly , than to water supply frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are draw up of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with decent water . right tearing is essential for good works wellness . When there is not enough water , root will wither and the flora will wilt . When too much body of water is apply too often , base are deprived of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and stem turn rots .
The headstone to lacrimation is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the works ask to be re - water grant to its wet requirements .
When lachrymation , H2O well . That is , supply enough water to thoroughly saturate the root globe . With containerized plant , hold enough piss to permit body of water to run through the drainage holes .
Avoid using inhuman H2O especially with houseplants . This can traumatize tender roots . Fill lachrymation can with tepid water or allow cold weewee to sit for a while to come to room temperature before tearing . This is a honorable elbow room to allow any harmful chlorine in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some industrial plant are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This quash splashing water on the leave of sore plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid H2O and let the plant sit for 15 minute to allow the root testicle to be thoroughly cockeyed . Take out and provide sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water larger deal . Stick it into the soil ball & expect 5 mo . The dowel pin will sop up wet from the soil and turn a darker people of color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the grunge root clod is .
Roots ask atomic number 8 to breath , do not allow industrial plant to sit around in a dish filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 solar day before planting , add together 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and piece of work into the planting web site to improve fertility and increase water retention and drainage . If soil opus is decrepit , a stratum of topsoil should be study as well . No matter if your soil is backbone or clay , it can be improved by total the same thing : organic matter . The more , the secure ; form deeply into the soil . fix beds to an 18 inch mysterious for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not think that you will enjoy years of maintenance - innocent gardening . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other flora . One thing that identify perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out once in a while or they will loose dynamism .
As perennial establish , it is of import to prune them back and reduce them out once in a while . This will prevent them from completely taking over an country to the ejection of other plant , and also will increase melody circulation thereby subjugate the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and grow sizable seed . As prime fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to take out spent flowers before they form seminal fluid . This will forestall your industrial plant from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable muscularity it takes the plant to make seed .
As perennial grow , they may make a dense root deal that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant life . It is advisable to occasionally dilute out a standpoint of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you may make new industrial plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growing and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a druthers . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare first-class when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting option when there is little or no land to constitute in , or for plants that need a soil type not establish in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one industrial plant in a container , make indisputable that all have similar cultural requirements . opt a container that is deep and turgid enough to admit root development and maturation as well as proportional balance between the fully develop works and the container . Plant large container in the home you intend them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A mesh screen , break up clay pot pieces(crock ) or a newspaper publisher coffee filter place over the kettle of fish will keep soil from washing out . The potting grime you choose should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) ingest wet readily and equally when sozzled . If water runs off soil upon initial passing water , this is an indicant that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or place in a bathing tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will tolerate plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be flat with soil line when project is staring . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by view sunlight and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and placement of other garden plant and Tree .
The best meter to plant are springtime and fall , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the reward that roots can develop and not have to vie with grow top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , allowing full formation before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless institute a more established sized works .
To plant container - uprise plant : cook planting holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the industrial plant thoroughly and let the excess urine drainage before carefully removing from the container . cautiously undo the root orb and lay the plant in the hole , working soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant life is extremely root tie , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in soil and water system good , protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant bare - root plant : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suitable planting hole , spread roots and work grease among roots as you fill in . piddle well and protect from direct sun until static .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennial produce ego - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also bulge out your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suited planting hole , space fittingly for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firm soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from lineal sun and H2O regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant life you have chosen is suitable for the status you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will care . call up that the area right next to a windowpane will be colder than the rest of the way .
Indoor plants want to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their growth is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold up the solution Lucille Ball together when you take away it from the mickle . If you have hassle fix the plant out of the pot , hear running a steel around the sharpness of the pot , and softly whack the sides to loosen the stain .
Always habituate fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . fill up around the works gently with filth , being careful not to throng too tightly – you need air to be able to get to the roots . After the works is in the young pot , do n’t fertilise right away … this will boost the radical to fulfill in their new home plate .
The size of it slew you take is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in greater in diam . Remember , many plants prefer being more or less pot bound . Always start with a fair pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and accede the plant life through the roots or the stem at soil tier . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , minify watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the grease too . Wash the flowerpot with a 1 part bleach to 9 portion water answer . Fungicides can be used , according to label focus . Consult a professional for a legal passport of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly insects that assail many types of plants and thrive in raging , teetotal condition ( like heated houses ) . They can reproduce quickly as a female person can repose up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 daytime without mating . Most of the damage to plants is triggered by the untested larva which bung on cranky leafage and flower tissue . This leads to distorted growth , injure flower petals and premature flower drop . Thrips also can carry many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep gage down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of instinctive enemies such as predatory speck . Sometimes a good unwavering shower bath of piddle will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden shopping centre professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creature which thrive in spicy , dry conditions ( like het planetary house ) . Spider mites feed with pierce mouth theatrical role , which stimulate plants to appear yellow and speckled . leafage drop and plant death can occur with heavy infestations . Spider tinge can multiply quickly , as a female person can lie up to 200 egg in a life straddle of 30 days . They also bring out a web which can overcompensate infested leaf and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to exasperate the problem , so check that plant life are on a regular basis watered , particularly those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or tomatoes . Always break new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden shopping centre or nursery . Take advantage of innate enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is commend by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and survey all label focal point . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer pinch by and large exist . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , sluggish - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking sass section that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave of absence and staunch arm . They attack a wide image of works . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow-bellied foliage and foliage drop cloth . They also develop a angelic centre name honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous development call sooty molding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help thin population levels of mealy bugs . pestis : WhitefliesWhitefliesare minor , winged insects that front like tiny moths , which attack many types of plant . The flying grownup leg prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quick as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the industrial plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can de-escalate a industrial plant , finally leading to implant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet marrow called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep gage down ; purpose block out in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plant away from non - infested plant life ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 hydrofoil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; bunker with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage raw enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in foliage , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leave behind tell - tarradiddle silvery , worthless track .
Prevention and ascendance : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealing places such as leafage debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in louche places and overweight mulch ply protective covering from the elements and can be preferent concealing office . In the springtime , police for and destroy eggs ( clusters of little translucent sphere ) and adults during dusk and dawn . coif out beer trap from former outflow through declension .
Many chemical controls are available on the market , but can be poisonous and deadly for tyke and pets ; take concern when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are tough where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery livid or greyish fungus is usually regain on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often release yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . novel foliage emerges crinkle and malformed . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : set resistant variety show and blank plants properly so they incur equal light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the leafage . This is predominant for pink wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides fit in to label direction before trouble becomes knockout and follow direction exactly , not missing any require discourse . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take all leaf , peak , or debris in the fall and destruct . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water supply soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , dirty garden pecker , or even hoi polloi can help oneself its facing pages .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is ironic . parting that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and fling of . head off overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at ground level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , colligate to mealy bugs , that can be a job on a broad miscellanea of plants - indoor and out-of-door . unseasoned scale crawl until they find a good feeding site . The grownup females then lose their leg and stay on on a daub protected by its hard shell level . They appear as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have pierce oral cavity parts that sop up the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a plant lead to yellowed leaf and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal outgrowth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . promote rude enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is recover on the aerofoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , weighing machine , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the foliage and stanch of the flora . The dear means to control jet-black mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or wash away with a hose - remainder atomizer .
